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ADHD Stimulant Medication Stimulant medications are the first option for treating ADHD. They have a long history of robust response, good tolerance, and safety over the lifespan. It is essential to choose the dosage and medication that can ease your child's or your own symptoms without causing side consequences. This may require a lot of trial and error, as well as a constant communication with your physician. Stimulants Stimulants are drugs that increase activity in the central nervous system. They are extensively used as enhancement of cognitive and performance by athletes, students artists, workers, and students. They are also used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, binge eating disorder, and some anxiety disorders. Amphetamines and methylphenidates as well as other stimulant drugs are the most commonly used. FDA-approved prescription stimulants are available in both prolonged-release and immediate-release formulations. In the case of immediate-release, they are typically taken every four hours as required. They can trigger an abrupt, short-term drop in energy known as a crash after they have worn off. The crash can cause severe hunger, mood swings, and fatigue. Immediate-release medications also can increase heart rate and blood pressure for some people, particularly when they don't eat enough. Extended-release medication is formulated to release its active ingredients over the course of 8-16 hours. Your doctor may suggest this type of medication if your goal is long-lasting control of symptoms without having to take a pill several times a day. Methylphenidate products that fall into the extended-release category include Ritalin, Concerta, and Focalin. Another alternative is the methylphenidate long-acting patch called Daytrana that adheres to the skin as a band-aid and lasts for the entire day. This kind of medication is often prescribed to adults with ADHD who require a daily dose that lasts longer than the immediate-release options. Stimulant medications do not cure ADHD but it can help manage the symptoms by enhancing how neurons in the brain communicate. They do this by affecting the levels of neurotransmitters that are present in the brain, including dopamine and norepinephrine, by blocking or binding to their receptors. This allows more neurotransmitters be released, and it aids in ensuring that messages between neurons are more effectively transferred and received. In addition to stimulants, doctors may prescribe antidepressants to treat ADHD. The majority of antidepressants that doctors prescribe for ADHD alter the levels of norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin in your brain. Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors are a good option for people with anxiety or depression. These medications are usually paired with stimulants to increase their effectiveness. Your doctor could change between stimulant and non-stimulant drug if your current medication isn't working or has intolerable side effects. Long-acting Stimulants help about 70% to 80 percent of adults and children with ADHD. They help reduce symptoms such as fidgeting, talking over others and losing focus in conversations or tasks. They can also improve social skills and job performance. The stimulant medication starts to work when it crosses the blood-brain barriers, which takes 45-60 minutes. They boost the levels of Dopamine and Norepinephrine in brain cells, which decreases the intensity of impulses and hyperactivity. FDA-approved stimulant medications use one of two molecules that are methylphenidate (Adderall, Ritalin, Vyvanse, Concerta) and amphetamine (Ritalin, Adderall XR, Vyvanse XR). The stimulants can trigger side reactions that include stomach upset loss of appetite, increased blood pressure and heart rate headaches, as well as nervousness or anxiety. They can also make tics worse, and they may cause sleep problems in some people. Long-acting stimulants (such as Strattera and Wellbutrin) work all day and night, unlike short-acting medications which last only several hours. They can be employed to treat other conditions such as anxiety or depression. The medications affect how your body regulates monoamine oxidases. Monoamine oxidases are enzymes which break down dopamine as well as other neurotransmitters inside the brain. These chemicals remain in the body for longer if they're not broken down. This can affect your behavior and your thinking. Long-acting medications can have fewer negative effects. Your doctor will prescribe smaller doses of the drugs that you take throughout the day. Certain stimulants are available in extended-release versions that you can take once a day. Some adults may prefer this method, but you should still be sure to take the stimulants every day. Other medications have been shown to be effective for a lot of people suffering from ADHD such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). They are typically prescribed for depression or anxiety however, they can be prescribed for ADHD and around 70% of people are able to respond. Bupropion (Wellbutrin) is another SSRI that has been approved for ADHD and has been demonstrated to be more efficient than placebos in a controlled study. These medications can trigger serious side effects, such as ringing of the ears anxiety, and changes in vision, heart and lung function. adhd adult medication -acting The stimulant drugs work to reduce ADHD symptoms by increasing levels of dopamine as well as norepinephrine in the brain. These are the two chemicals that help people focus and manage their behavior. These drugs come in many different forms and each has its own brand name, like Adderall Vyvanse Ritalin Concerta. There are two main types of stimulant medications that are methylphenidates (such as methylphenidate) and amphetamines (such as dextroamphetamine). They have the same effects, but their duration of action varies. The methylphenidates can have a shorter-lasting effect, lasting for up to three hours. Amphetamines, on the other are more effective. Some people can tolerate stimulant medication better than others, which is why your doctor might prescribe them. It is essential to learn as much as possible about the medication. This includes any possible side effects, the frequency at which it is recommended to take it, and any warnings. This will help you and your doctor decide on the right medication for you. These medications can also trigger some adverse side effects such as difficulty sleeping or a decrease in appetite. Talk to your doctor if you experience these side effects. You may need to alter your dosage or try a different drug. Adults with ADHD who aren't responding well to stimulants may be treated with non-stimulant medicines, which take longer to start working but can improve the ability of a person to pay attention and control impulses. These medications are available in combination or as a single dose. Atomoxetine, also referred to as Strattera or Qelbree is the very first. It is a stimulant of dopamine and norepinephrine levels in the prefrontal cortex that regulates behavior. Another is guanfacine (brand name Intuniv), which belongs to a group of medications called alpha agonists. They block the release of these brain chemicals and increasing their level in the bloodstream. Guanfacine was developed for high blood pressure but it has also been proven to help people with ADHD. Combinations People suffering from ADHD utilize a variety of drug combinations. This includes stimulants paired with depressants like the guanfacine or clonidine. These drugs can have a calming effect on the brain and can reduce symptoms like sleeplessness and aggressive behavior. They also help to prevent withdrawal symptoms from stimulants. However, this combination can be risky if utilized correctly. Combining two stimulants at the same time increases the risk of serotonin syndrome, which is a type of drug emergency that happens when the body is overloaded with many serotonin. This combination can also raise the heart rate and blood pressure. People suffering from heart disease or high blood pressure are at greater risk of developing adverse effects from this drug. Young adults and teenagers are increasingly using stimulant combinations. These drugs are often described as “legal highs” and are readily available at pharmacies. These drugs are also sold on the black market. These substances are dangerous particularly when they are mixed with alcohol or other substances. This is referred to as polydrug use and is extremely risky. Mixing drugs can have unpredictability and negative effects. This includes an increase in heart rate, slowed breathing, hallucinations and paranoia. Combination therapy is more effective than monopharmacotherapy when it comes to treating ADHD according to an investigation. Combining medications improved the adherence of patients and helped them get better relief from symptoms than monotherapy. However some patients halted their treatment due to adverse effects. In some instances the medication was discontinued due to sleep problems or worsening of tics. This could be due to a wrong diagnosis or a lack of medication. Nonstimulants are a different treatment option for ADHD. These medications help improve attention span and impulse regulation, but not as well as stimulants. They are less likely to suppress appetite and growth. Certain antidepressants may also be prescribed for ADHD. However they have a lower chance of improving concentration and focus. A number of studies have proven that atomoxetine and methylphenidate (Concerta) can be used together to achieve better results than either alone. The combination of the two drugs was shown to increase adherence and reduce the risk of adverse reactions in a majority of people. The combination was effective for adolescents and young adults. This combination could be a viable option for children suffering from severe ADHD.